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William Z. Ripley
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William Z. Ripley : ウィキペディア英語版
William Z. Ripley
William Zebina Ripley (October 13, 1867 – August 16, 1941) was an American economist, lecturer at Columbia University, professor of economics at MIT, professor of political economics at Harvard University, and racial theorist. Ripley was famous for his criticisms of American railroad economics and American business practices in the 1920s and 1930s and later his tripartite racial theory of Europe. His work of racial anthropology was later taken up by racial physical anthropologists, eugenicists and white nationalists and was considered a valid academic work at the time, although today it is to be a prime example of alleged scientific racism.〔Cravens, H. (1996). Scientific racism in modern America, 1870s–1990s. Prospects, 21, 471-490.〕〔Spiro, Jonathan P. (2009). Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of Madison Grant. Univ. of Vermont Press〕
== Biography ==
William Z. Ripley was born in Medford, Massachusetts in 1867 to Nathaniel L. Ripley and Estimate R.E. (Baldwin) Ripley. He attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for his undergraduate education in engineering, graduating in 1890, and received a master's and doctorate degree from Columbia University in 1892 and 1893 respectively. In 1893, he was married to Ida S. Davis. From 1893 until 1901, Ripley lectured on sociology at Columbia University and from 1895 until 1901 he was a professor of economics at MIT. From 1901 onwards, he was a professor of political economics at Harvard University.〔Biographical information taken from "Professor Ripley of Harvard Dies," ''New York Times'' (17 August 1941), p. 39.〕 He was a corresponding member of the Anthropological Society of Paris, the Roman Anthropological Society, the Cherbourg Society of Natural Sciences, and in 1898 and 1900-1901, the vice president of the American Economic Association.〔"RIPLEY, William Zebina," in Albert Nelson Marquis, ed., ''(Who's Who In New England )'' (Chicago: A.N. Marquis & Co., 1916) , p. 909.〕

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